(a) Glucose Bimolecular Force Measurement Between Mica Between Glucose surface and Gox-Casein Tip

(b) Glucose Bimolecular Force Measurement and Gox-Casein Tip

Chemical Force Microscopy (CFM) measures the chemical interactions between functionalized tips and sample to determine the chemical nature of surfaces and facilitate studies of chemical bonding enthalpy and surface energy. Tips are typically gold-coated and functionalized with R-SH thiols, R being the functional groups of interest such as -CH, -COOH, -NH, and -OH.